Germany, a latecomer to the colonial expansion of European powers, colonized several territories on the African continent in the 1880s: German East Africa (parts of today’s Tanzania), German South-West Africa (Namibia), German Kamerun (parts of today’s Cameroon) and German Togo (parts of today’s Togo). Until the beginning of World War I, the German colonial empire thus governed different populations based on an ever-fluid racialization of the colonized subjects that allowed for the simultaneous inclusion and exclusion of various groups along the lines of race, religion, language, and culture. Read my latest for Soufles, A Pan-African Journal and Platform